Hull's drive reduction theory pdf

Reducing a drive provided reinforcement for behavior. Drive reduction this habit strength is represented as. Hull s theory was called a drive reduction theory of motivation. Reduction of the drive is a major cause of learning. Hull, the drivereduction theory focuses on how motivation originates from biological needs or drives. Hulls theory may have disappeared from present day motivational research, but it had a big impact on the field. It was one of the popular theories of motivation during the 1940s and the 50s, not only as a theory to explain motivation, but also learning and behavior. Behavior that have the effect of reducing their biological drives. Hull s theory inspired an enormous amount of research. Hull hull developed a version of behaviorism in which the stimulus s affects the organism o and the resulting response r depends upon characteristics of both o and s. Drive reduction theory when the instinct theory of motivation failed to explain most human motivation, it was replaced by the drive reduction theory.

Thirst, hunger, and the need for warmth are all examples of drives. Hull s attempt to explain all behavior was assisted by his collaborator kenneth spence. A physiological need creates an aroused tension state a drive that motivates an organism to satisfy the need hull, 1951. Hulls motivational theory must be considered in the context of his theory of learning.

In other words, hull was interested in studying intervening variables that affected behavior such as initial drive, incentives, inhibitors, and prior training habit strength. Hull based his theory on the concept of homeostasis, the idea that the body works actively to maintain a certain state of balance or. Drive presents a stimulus in form of a biological need like hunger, thirst, cold or sexual interest. The drive reduction theory was developed by behaviorist clark hull as a way of accounting for learning, motivation and behavior. Drive reduction theory was introduced in 1930s by an eminent american psychologist clark hull, whose works were influenced by other behaviorists like ivan. It is a state of need, when a living organism feels the needs to behave in certain way to reduce the need and restore the optimal biological state. In his theory, hull used the term drive to refer to the state of tension or arousal caused by biological or physiological needs. In this theory, hull proposed a persons behaviour is an. Hull believed that when a need occurred again, the animal would repeat a behavior that reduced the drive on a previous occasion. This learning theory, developed by hull in 1943, is known as drive reduction theory. In learning theory, drive reduction theory is a type of motivational theory.

Hulls drive reduction theory is based upon his mathematical formulation. Drivereduction theory was intended to explain the fundamental principle of. The theory states that reduction of the drive is a major cause of learning and behavior. Hulls attempt to explain all behavior was assisted by his collaborator kenneth spence. In this theory, hull proposed a persons behaviour is an external display of his desire to satisfy his physical deficiencies. A drive creates an unpleasant state, a tension that needs to be reduced. Drive reduction theory was developed by the psychologist clark hull in 1943, as the first theory for motivation. Drive reduction theory, developed by clark hull in 1943, was a major theory for. Hull was one of the first theorists to try to create a theory designed to explain all behavior. Many motivational theories of the 1950s and 1960s were reactions to hullian theory. These included the proposals for cognitive motives as well as maslows motivational psychology, both discussed later in this chapter.